![]() The sodium atom gives up an electron to form the Na + ion and ![]() The metal, sodium, and the non-metal, chlorine. An example of this is the reaction between The metal is oxidized and the non-metal is reduced. Transfer from the metal to the non-metal. Metals tend to lose electrons and non-metals tend to gainĮlectrons, so in reactions involving these two groups, there is electron Have relatively high Electron affinities and high Ionization energies. The most non-metallic element is fluorine. Non-metals are limited to the elements in the upper Metals) lose 1 and 2 valence electrons, respectively, because of their low Ionization Metals tend to lose electrons to attain Noble Gas electron configuration. Metallic elements are Cesium and Francium. Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals. Of the PE and formation of more stable chemical species. This indicates an attractive forceīetween the charges and is a stabilizing factor. If the two charges have different signs, the PE will be negative. Like charges repel each other, so positive Or -,-) the PE will be a positive number. If the two charges have the same sign (+ class=GramE>,+ Product of two charges, Q 1 and Q 2 divided The PE can be calculated using Coulomb's Law, which is the At an atomic level, positive charges areĬarried by protons and negative charges are carried by electrons. The interaction of positive and negative charges. It cannot be maintained in an inert atmosphere and contact with water and other substances with which sodium reacts should be avoided.In large part, it is to lower the potential energy (PE) of Sodium metal should be handled with great care. On a volume basis, it is the cheapest of all metals. Reagent grade (ACS) sodium in January 1990 cost about $35/lb. Metallic sodium is priced at about 15 to 20 cents/lb in quantity. Thirteen isotopes of sodium are recognized. The importance of common salt to animal nutrition has been recognized since prehistoric times.Īmong the many compounds that are of the greatest industrial importance are common salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na 2CO 3), baking soda (NaHCO 3), caustic soda (NaOH), Chile saltpeter (NaNO 3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (hypo, Na 2S 2O 3. Soap is generally a sodium salt of certain fatty acids. Sodium compounds are important to the paper, glass, soap, textile, petroleum, chemical, and metal industries. The metal may be used to improve the structure of certain alloys, to descale metal, and to purify molten metals.Īn alloy of sodium with potassium, NaK, is also an important heat transfer agent. Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds. It normally does not ignite in air at temperatures below 115 oC. It may or may not ignite spontaneously on water, depending on the amount of oxide and metal exposed to the water. ![]() Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide. Sodium, like every reactive element, is never found free in nature. The most common compound is sodium chloride, but it occurs in many other minerals, such as soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, etc. This method is much cheaper than that of electrolyzing sodium hydroxide, as was used several years ago. It is now obtained commercially by the electrolysis of absolutely dry fused sodium chloride. Sodium is the fourth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the earth's crust it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals. The D lines of sodium are among the most prominent in the solar spectrum. Sodium is present in fair abundance in the sun and stars. (English, soda Medieval Latin, sodanum, headache remedy) Long recognized in compounds, sodium was first isolated by Davy in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic soda.
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